Stephen Hawking, English physicist and mathematician, is born 

Pope Pius X banned low cut dresses in the presence of churchmen 

First National Bowling Championship held (Chicago, Ill) 

US inventor Herman Hollerith patented his tabulator, the first device for data processing his firm would later become one of IBM's founding companies 

The Severn Railway Tunnel - Britain's longest - was opened 

Eli Whitney, US inventor of the cotton gin, dies 

Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer, dies